Neurology: Seizures

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SECTIONS

References

  1. Fisher RS, C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014;55(4):475-482. Available at www.ilae.org/Visitors/Centre/documents/Definition2014-RFisher.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2014.
  2. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA. A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med. 1998;338: 20-1. Available at nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199801013380104#t=articleTop. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  3. Phabphal K, Kanjanasatien J. Montreal Cognitive Assessment in cryptogenic epilepsy patients with normal Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Epileptic Disord. 2011;13(4):375-81.
  4. Pérez-Mojica D. A-42: Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Spanish version in detecting cognitive impairment in a Puerto Rican temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) sample. Abstracts from the 34th Annual Conference of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Fajardo, Puerto Rico, November 12-15, 2014. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;29(6):518-9.
  5. Aarts HP, Binnie CD, Smit AM, Wilkins AJ. Selective cognitive impairment during focal and generalized epileptiform EEG activity. Brain. 1984;107(Pt 1):293-308.
  6. Dikmen SS, Temkin NR, Miller B, Winn HR. Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures. JAMA. 1991;265(10):1271-7.
  7. Cockerell OC, Johnson AL, Sander JW, Hart YM, Shorvon SD. Remission of epilepsy: results from the National General Practice Study of Epilepsy. Lancet. 1995;346(8968):140-4.
  8. Specchio LM, Beghi E. Should antiepileptic drugs be withdrawn in seizure-free patients? CNS Drugs. 2004;18(4):201-12.
  9. Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Study Group. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311-8. Available at nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200108023450501#t=articleTop. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  10.  Kim YD, Heo K, Park SC, et al. Antiepileptic drug withdrawal after successful surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46(2):251-7.
  11.  Fisher RS, Boas WVE, Blume W, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for  Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005;46(4):470-2. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x/pdf. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  12. Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and  Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia. 2010;51(4):676-85. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x/pdf. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  13.  Berg AT, Shinnar S. The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: a quantitative review. Neurology. 1991;41(7):965-72.
  14.  Hopkins A, Garman A, Clarke C. The first seizure in adult life. Value of clinical features, electroencephalography, and computerized tomographic scanning in prediction of seizure   recurrence. Lancet. 1988;1(8588):721-6.
  15.  Annegers JF, Shirts SB, Hauser WA, Kurland LT. Risk of recurrence after an initial unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 1986;27(1):43-50.
  16.  Hauser WA, Rich SS, Annegers JF, Anderson VE. Seizure recurrence after a 1st unprovoked seizure: an extended follow-up. Neurology. 1990;40(8):1163-70.
  17.  Cleland PG, Mosquera I, Steward WP, Foster JB. Prognosis of isolated seizures in adult life. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283(6303):1364. Available at  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1507807/. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  18.  Elwes RDC, Chesterman P, Reynolds EH. Prognosis after a first untreated tonic-clonic seizure. Lancet. 1985; 326(8458):752-3.
  19.  First Seizure and Trial Group. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in reducing the risk of relapse after a first unprovoked tonic-clonic seizure. Neurology.  1993;43(3 Pt 1):478-83.
  20.  Chadwick D, Taylor J, Johnson T. Outcomes after seizure recurrence in people with well-controlled epilepsy and the factors that influence it. The MRC Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Group. Epilepsia. 1996;37(11):1043-50.
  21.  Schmidt D, Löscher W. Uncontrolled epilepsy following discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients: a review of current clinical experience. Acta Neurol Scand.  2005;111(5):291-300.
  22.  Prognostic index for recurrence of seizures after mission of epilepsy. Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. BMJ. 1993;306(6889):1374-8. Available  at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1677783/. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  23.  Sirven JI, Sperling M, Wingerchuk DM. Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(3):CD001902.
  24.  Schiller Y. Seizure relapse and development of drug resistance following long-term seizure remission. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(10):1233-9.
  25.  Hoppe C, Elger CE, Helmstaedter C. Long-term memory impairment in patients with focal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48 Suppl 9:26-9.
  26.  Patrikelis P, Angelakis E, Gatzonis S. Neurocognitive and behavioral functioning in frontal lobe epilepsy: a review. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;14(1):19-26.

Additional Resources

Guidance/Standards

Federal Aviation Administration. Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners. Published December 6, 2010. Available at www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/ame/guide/app_process/app_history/item18/l/. Accessed February 3, 2015.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Medical Examiner Handbook. Published March 18, 2014. Available at http://nrcme.fmcsa.dot.gov/documents/FMCSAMedicalExaminerHandbook-2014Mar18.pdf. (Update in process.)

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Expert Panel Recommendations: Seizure Disorders and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety. Published October 15, 2007. Available at www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Seizure-Disorders-MEP-Recommendations-v2-prot.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2015.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Medical Review Board Meeting Summary – January 28, 2008. Available at www.mrb.fmcsa.dot.gov/documents/Fin_Meet_Min_Jan28_2008MRB_Meet_Revised11-24-09.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2015.

State of California. Neurology. Available at http://lib.post.ca.gov/Publications/Neuro.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2015.

National Fire Protection Association. Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments. Published December 12, 2012. Available at www.nfpa.org/1582. Accessed February 3, 2015.

Journal Articles/Other Publications

Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Elveback LR. Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1979;20(6):729-37.

Annegers JF, Shirts SB, Hauser WA, Kurland LT. Risk of recurrence after an initial unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 1986;27(1):43-50.

Berg AT, Shinnar S. Relapse following discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 1994;44(4):601-8.

Berg AT, Shinnar S. The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: a quantitative review. Neurology. 1991;41(7):965-72.

Beydoun A, Passaro EA. Appropriate use of medications for seizures. Guiding principles on the path of efficacy. Postgrad Med. 2002;111(1):69-70, 73-8, 81-2.

Britton JW. Antiepileptic drug withdrawal: literature review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(12):1378-88.

Callaghan N, Garrett A, Goggin T. Withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs in patients free of seizures for two years. A prospective study. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(15):942-6.

Chadwick DW. Driving restrictions and people with epilepsy. Neurology. 2001;57(10):1749-50.

Drazkowski JF. Management of the social consequences of seizures. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78(5):641-9.

Eadie M. The single seizure. To treat or not to treat. Drugs. 1997: 54(5):651-6.

Gastaut H, Zifkin BG. The risk of automobile accidents with seizures occurring while driving: relation to seizure type. Neurology. 1987;37(10):1613-6.

Gibberd FB, Bateson MC. Sleep epilepsy: its pattern and prognosis. Br Med J. 1974;2(5916):403-5.

Hansotia P. Automobile driving and epilepsy: a medical perspective. Wis Med J. 1991;90(3):112-5.

Hauser WA, Chokroverty S, Dawson D, et al. Task force IV report: Episodic neurologic conditions II. In: Washington Consulting Group, ed. Conference on Neurological Disorders and Commercial Drivers. Washington DC: Office of Motor Carriers; 1988: 49-55.

Krauss GL, Krumholz A, Carter RC, Li G, Kaplan P. Risk factors for seizure-related motor vehicle crashes in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999;52(7):1324-9.

Krumholz A, Fisher RS, Lesser RP, Hauser WA. Driving and epilepsy. A review and reappraisal. JAMA. 1991;265(5):622-6.

Lings S. Increased driving accident frequency in Danish patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 2001;57(3):435-9.

Musicco M, Beghi E, Solari A, Viani F. Treatment of first tonic-clonic seizure does not improve the prognosis of epilepsy. First Seizure Trial Group (FIRST Group). Neurology. 1997;49(4):991-8.

Prego-lopez M, Devinsky O. Evaluation of a first seizure. Is it epilepsy? Postgrad Med. 2002;111(1):34-6, 43-8.

Prognostic index for recurrence of seizures after remission of epilepsy. Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. BMJ. 1993;306(6889):1374-8.

Reynolds EH, Trimble MR. Adverse neuropsychiatric effects of anticonvulsant drugs. Drugs. 1985;29(6):570-81.

Sander JW. Some aspects of prognosis in the epilepsies: a review. Epilepsia. 1993;34(6):1007-16.

Sanders JW, Shorvon SD. Remission periods in epilepsy and their relation to long-term prognosis. In: Wolf P, Dam M, Janz D, Freifuss FF, ed. Advances in Epileptology: XV Epilepsy International Symposium. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1987: 353-6.

Schiller Y, Cascino GD, So EL, Marsh WR. Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after successful epilepsy surgery. Neurology. 2000;54(2):346-9.

Schmidt D, Gram L. A practical guide to when (and how) to withdraw antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients. Drugs. 1996;52(6):870-4.

Shorvon SD. Epidemiology, classification, natural history, and genetics of epilepsy. Lancet. 1990:336(8787):93-6.

Sirven JI. Demystifying seizures and epilepsy: introduction to the symposium on seizures. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(9):977-9.

Sirven JI. Antiepileptic drug therapy for adults: when to initiate and how to choose. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(12):1367-75.

Spencer SS. Long-term outcome after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia. 1996;37(9):807-13.

Thurman DJ, Beghi E, Begley CE, et al. Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52 Suppl 7:2-26.

Verrotti A, Trotta D, Salladini C, Morgese G, Chiarelli F. Risk factors for recurrence of epilepsy and withdrawal of antiepileptic therapy: a practical approach. Ann Med. 2003;35(3):207-15.

Weiss GH, Feeney DM, Caveness WF, et al. Prognostic factors for the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(1):7-10.