Cardiovascular Disease: Valvular Heart Disease

sec_arr Table 1: Staging of Mitral Stenosis (MS)
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Table 1: Staging of Mitral Stenosis (MS)* 

Stage  Definition  MV Anatomy  MV Hemodynamics  Hemodynamic Consequences  Symptoms 
A  At the risk of MS  -Mild MV doming during diastole  -Normal transmitral flow velocity  None  None 
B  Progressive MS  -MV area >1.5cm2  -Diastolic pressure half-time <150ms  -Normal pulmonary pressure at rest  None 
C  Asymptomatic severe MS  -MV area ≤1.5cm2  -Diastolic pressure half-time ≥150ms  Elevated PASP >50mm Hg  None 
D  Symptomatic severe MS  Same as C above  Same as C above  Same as C above  -Reduced exercise tolerance 

-Exertional dyspnea 

MS – Mitral stenosis – Mitral value; PASP – pulmonary artery systolic pressure  

 *Adapted and modified from Table 16. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2020;143(5):e72-e227. At: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923, accessed 1/16/2024.